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- <text id=90TT0926>
- <title>
- Apr. 16, 1990: Estonia:Next To Break From The Pack?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 16, 1990 Colossal Colliders:Smash!
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 29
- Next to Break from the Pack?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Estonia is on a more cautious collision course with Moscow, but
- for Mikhail Gorbachev, the gauntlet has been thrown down
- </p>
- <p>By John Kohan/Tallinn
- </p>
- <p> Mikhail Gorbachev does not like waiting. After trying
- several times to reach Estonian President Arnold Ruutel by
- telephone last week, he was in no mood for small talk when he
- finally got through late Tuesday evening. The Soviet President
- told Ruutel that he had "lost his temper" over the Estonian
- parliament's decision two weeks ago that declared "the state
- supremacy of the Soviet Union to be illegal" in the republic.
- What exactly did that mean? Gorbachev demanded. If the
- Estonians no longer recognized the Soviet constitution, what
- law was operating?
- </p>
- <p> Ruutel had a ready response: Estonian law. Displeased,
- Gorbachev called the decision "improper" and summoned the
- Estonian President to Moscow immediately to explain himself.
- When Ruutel declined, the Soviet leader turned tough. If the
- declaration was not rescinded, Gorbachev warned, Moscow would
- impose the same "regimen" there as in rebellious Lithuania.
- Ruutel replied that Estonians understood the consequences of
- their actions.
- </p>
- <p> And so the gauntlet was thrown down in another Baltic
- rebellion against the Soviets that could further complicate
- superpower relations. Even as Eduard Shevardnadze and the Bush
- Administration were trying to muffle Lithuania's impact in
- Washington, Estonia was setting off on a similar course of
- defiance. As Ruutel told a group of visiting TIME editors in
- Tallinn last week: "We understand the concern abroad that we
- are, perhaps, too bold in our demands and are undermining
- Gorbachev's position. But the interests of the superpowers
- should not be advanced at the expense of small nations."
- </p>
- <p> Some Estonians have concerns about the brash way in which
- Lithuania declared outright independence, but sympathy with the
- decision is widespread. Says Enn-Arno Sillari, First Secretary
- of the independent Estonian Communist Party: "I'd like to think
- the Lithuanians are paving the way for us." The Estonians
- prefer to take more measured steps toward sovereignty. Instead
- of a complete break with Moscow, the Supreme Soviet two weeks
- ago called for an unspecified transition period leading to "the
- formation of the constitutional institutions of the Republic
- of Estonia."
- </p>
- <p> The Estonians contend that, technically speaking, they are
- not seceding. They are simply restoring the sovereignty that
- Moscow guaranteed them "unconditionally and for all time" in
- 1920--then violated under the terms of the 1939
- Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, which led to Stalin's annexation of
- the Baltics. Estonian legislators want the issue of
- independence placed on the agenda for a Helsinki conference
- that Gorbachev has proposed to lay the foundation for his much
- touted "common European home." Legalists in Tallinn cite the
- Austrian State Treaty of 1955, which guaranteed the country's
- neutrality in exchange for the withdrawal of Soviet troops, as
- a model for Soviet military disengagement.
- </p>
- <p> Like the Lithuanians, the Estonians are bracing for a
- showdown over the issue of military conscription. The Estonian
- parliament has approved a law on alternative military service,
- and plans to dismantle local draft boards. Local movements like
- Geneva-49, a citizens' action group opposed to the draft, have
- denounced service in the Soviet army as a violation of the 1949
- Geneva Conventions barring citizens of occupied states from
- having to serve in the occupation forces.
- </p>
- <p> Estonia is already engaged in a "banking war" with Moscow.
- Even though the Baltic republics were given the green light
- last November to pursue radical economic reforms, when enabling
- laws went into effect in January, the Estonians were ordered
- to turn over the 2.3 billion-ruble reserve in the local savings
- bank to the Moscow-controlled State Bank. Tallinn's branch of
- the U.S.S.R. Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs, now part of the
- new Estonian Republican Bank, was further told to close down
- any hard-currency accounts abroad and let Moscow handle future
- external cash transfers. The Estonians grudgingly agreed. They
- plan to introduce their own currency by the end of the year and
- to open a new, commercial shareholders bank.
- </p>
- <p> A shadow parliament now exists alongside the Estonian
- Supreme Soviet. The new Congress of Estonia is a largely
- symbolic body, elected by citizens of the old Estonian republic
- and their descendants. But the Congress claims to be the
- "bearer of supreme authority" in the republic and has been
- recognized by the Supreme Soviet. The initiative has helped
- inflame non-Estonians, who make up 40% of the republic's
- population of 1.5 million. In the predominantly Russian-speaking
- cities of Narva and Kotla-Jarve, local councils have refused
- to recognize the parliament's independence call.
- </p>
- <p> Now that Estonia has aligned itself with Lithuania, will
- Latvia be next? Members of the independence-oriented Popular
- Front there say that when a newly elected Supreme Soviet
- convenes next month in Riga, odds are good that the parliament
- will also vote for independence. Agrees Estonian
- parliamentarian Marju Lauristin in Tallinn: "We are in a
- bicycle race, where the teams change leaders to keep up the
- pace. The Lithuanians have broken away from the pack. Now it
- is our turn. Perhaps the Latvians will follow." The question
- is when, if ever, they will be allowed to cross the finish
- line.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-